Report on Foodmart Supermarkets Business Analysis

Question: Discuss about the Foodmart Supermarkets Business Analysis Report. Answer: Introduction This report aimed at determining the minimum, maximum, and the average gross profit for the 150 sampled supermarkets. The report also aimed at determining the level of gross profit made based on different variables such as, number of competitors, hours of trading, location of the store (mall, strip, or country), wages paid among other variables. To determine whether there was significant difference in gross profit based on location of a store, the study revealed there was sufficient evidence to suggest that there was a statistically significant variation in gross profit somewhere across at least two locations (f= 0.436, df= 2, p= 0.648). It was revealed from the analysis that the mean number of competitors FoodMart would expect from the sampled 150 stores would be three competitors. The estimated mean number of competitors per supermarket for all the store would be 0.3 of the mean of 3 competitors. As to whether we can estimate the proportion of supermarkets open on Sundays with a 4 % significance level, the analysis revealed that the proportion of supermarkets that open on Sundays was 62%. Based on this proportion, at a confidence level of 96% we can say that the supermarkets that open on Sundays will be 62% 8.1% that is, they will be between 70.14% and 53.86%. The study found no statistically significant evidence to imply that Foodmart had violated the Australian Competition and Consumer Commission ACCC directive of the mean cost appraisal in a ordinary container for food items for any store chain should be more than $ 6.85 over a period of one year. . The sample size was found to be inadequate based on the formula Cochran (2011) and Fisher (1994) for determining adequate sample size. It is recommended that the survey be done again given that the sample size was inadequate and the sampling procedure was not appropriate. An Overall view of the Gross Profit The first task was to examine the total gross profit made in each state and make a comparison between the states. According to the descriptive statistics, the overall mean gross profit from all the states over the period under review was 1.01 dollars that was associated with a standard deviation of 0.646 dollars. The minimum gross profit was 0.018 dollars while the maximum was 2.872 dollars. The total gross profit realized from the sampled 150 stores was 151.493 dollars. The most common gross profit level (mode) from the sampled stores was 1.512 dollars. The profit range for the top 10% of stores was 0.29 million dollars. That is, the maximum gross profit (2.872 dollars multiply by 10% ) then subtract from the maximum gross profit. This implies that the top 10% of the gross profit of the sampled 150 stores was between 2.872 dollars and 2.58 dollars. Based on the survey data, if the company opts to close five (5) of the least performing stores in terms of gross profit out the sampled 150 stores, the range would be 0.057 million dollars. That is the maximum of five of the least performing store less the minimum gross profit attained from the sampled stores. The estimated gross profit for the group overall according to the analysis was found to be 0.053 of the sample mean at 95% confidence level. Put another way, it can be said that at 95% confidence level, the gross profit from all the 2,994 stores will be between 0.951 million dollars and 1.063 million dollars based on a sample of 150 stores. Significant Variation in Gross Profit on a Location Basis Based on the managements perception that various locations are more profitable than others, an analysis of variances was carried out. This was to investigate the degree of variances of the gross profit based on the location of a store. The aim of analyzing variation was to establish if the categories of observation are from a similar population. To attain this, comparison is made between the variation of the population means in the categories. Every variation.computes the squared deviation from what would be the expected mean from every population. According to Kingoriah (2004), to conduct an ANOVA, various assumptions or conditions had to be met. Namely; There are three or more independent groups (locations) that are compared with one another and one quantitative variable (gross profit) The sample used is random i.e. the data used is from randomizing a sample of the mean of the population The analyzed data is normally distributed The is equal variation in the analyzed data within the groups to be compared with one another. After an assumption has been made on randomization and normal distribution of the data, the task was to determine or test the perception that some locations are more profitable than others are. The null hypothesis for the test was: H0: there is a significant variation in gross profit based on location. The analysis revealed F statistic of .436 that was associated with a p-value of .0648. Since the p-value is greater than 0.05, the null hypothesis (perception of the management) could not be rejected. It was therefore concluded that there was sufficient evidence to suggest that there was a statistically significant variation in gross profit somewhere across at least two locations (f= 0.436, df= 2, p= 0.648). Upon summarizing the averages of gross profit based on location, stores located in the country had the lowest average gross profit of 0.955 million dollars that was associated with a standard deviation (stdev) from the average of 0.672 million dollars, while the highest average gross profit was recorded in stores located in malls at an average of 1.092 million dollars (stdev= 0.653 million dollars). At the medium were stores located in a strip or shopping centre of a major city at an average of 0.952 million dollars associated with a standard deviation of 0.596 million dollars. However, it would be inappropriate to generalize the performance of each location since there are unequal sample sizes based on the location. Other factors are bound to be attributable to the average gross profit such as population of the inhabitants and accessibility of the stores. Some Basic Estimates Analyzing the level of competition is an important aspect for any business. In this regard, the estimated mean number of competitors per supermarket was sought. It was revealed from the analysis that the mean number of competitors FoodMart would expect from the sampled 150 stores would be three competitors. Home deliveries for customers especially loyal customers are an added incentive to boost sales and eventually increase profit. This is both in terms of convenience to the customers and reliability. The estimated mean number of competitors per supermarket for all the store would be 0.3 of the mean of 3 competitors that is, we would be 95% confident that the mean number of competitors would be between 2.7 and 3.3 given a sample of 150 stores. As determined from the sampled data a proportion 45 stores that represents 30% of the sampled stores offer home delivery. The question therefore was what proportion of all the Foodmart stores was likely to offer home delivery? The statistical tests carried out revealed that the sample proportion was 5.01% of the total Foodmart stores. The expected proportion of stores that offer home delivery services would be 3.5%. Put another way, we can be 95% confident that the proportion of supermarkets that offer home delivery services will be between 8.5% and 1.52% given a sample of 150 stores. As to whether we can estimate the proportion of supermarkets open on Sundays with a 4% significance level, the analysis revealed that the proportion of supermarkets that open on Sundays was 62%. Based on this proportion, at a confidence level of 96% we can say that the supermarkets that open on Sundays will be 62% 8.1% that is, they will be between 70.14% and 53.86%. Average price increase: Australian Competition and Consumer Commission To cater for inflation, the Australian Competition and Consumer Commission (ACCC) issued directions that the mean cost appraisal in an normal container for food item for any supermarket chain should be more than $ 6.85 over a period of one year. It was therefore prudent to investigate whether out of the sampled stores the stipulated average price was maintained. The idea was to determine whether there was evidence to imply that Foodmart had not complied with this directive. This was done by investigating whether there was any statistically significant difference between the means of the periods 2015 and 2016 from the mean of $ 6.85. According to the analysis carried out, the results revealed a test statistic of -115.76 that was associated with a p-value of less than .01. It was therefore concluded that there was no statistically significant evidence to imply that Foodmart had violated the ACCC directive. Sampling Methods for the Annual Survey The annual survey was based on a simple random sample of 150 stores across the country. However, it is not clear the criteria used to come up with the sample of one hundred and fifty. There seems to have been some element of non-probability sampling in particular accidental sampling. The assertion that Queensland is over represented is incorrect as in fact it is New South Wales that is over represented at 39 sampled stores followed by Queensland at 30 stores. It is however correct that Tasmania is among the least represented state at 5 stores sampled while Western Australia is moderately represented at 16 sampled stores. Your observation that the maximum age for any supermarket from the sample is 24 years of operation is in fact true. However, it is possible that the oldest Foodmart store was not part of the sampled stores. Therefore, this anomaly should be a cause of concern. The sampled data has helped to answer your concerns thus far. The sample size was found to be inadequate based on the formula Cochran (2011) and Fisher (1994) for determining adequate sample size. The minimum sample size would have been 342 stores based on a target population of 2,994 stores. The appropriate sampling technique that would have been used is stratified proportionate sampling method. This requires obtaining a sample size per stratum from each state since each state has different number of stores. This could have been done by dividing the number of stores per state by the total number of stores then multiplying by the desired sample size. Simple random sample would then have been done at this stage. It is recommended that the survey be done again given that the sample size was inadequate and the sampling procedure was not appropriate. References and Bibliography Kingoriah, G. K.Fundamentals of Applied Statistics. Nairobi, Kenya: The Jomo Kenyatta Foundation., 2004.

The Outsiders Essays (142 words) - Films, The Outsiders, Curtis

The Outsiders Ponyboy is a fourteen old member of a gang called the Greasers. His parents died in a car accident so he lives alone with his older brothers Darry and Soda. He is a good student and athlete, bust most people at school consider him a vagrant like his greaser friends, Sodapop Curtis-Soda is Pony's handsome, charming older brother. He dropped out of school to work at a gas station, and does not share his brother's interest in studying and sports. Darrel Curtis- The oldest of the Curtis boys, Darry is also acknowledged leader of the Greasers. Johnny Cade -Johnny is Pony's closest friend and the gangs's pet. They are especially protective of him since he is smaller then the rest, his father beats him, and he is afraid to walk the streets alone after being attacked by a group of Socs.

The Screen Time Rules You Really Should Enforce Th Essays

The Screen Time Rules You Really Should Enforce Th Essays The Screen Time Rules You Really Should Enforce This Year The Huffington Post |By Rebecca Adams Posted:09/08/2014 10:59 am EDTUpdated:09/08/2014 4:59 pm EDT While parents grapple with how much screen time is too much for children, new research now supports their suspicions: An excess amount of time in front of screens is bad for kids. The Learning Habit study, published this month in the American Journal of Family Therapy and in a book titled HYPERLINK "amazon.com/Learning-Habit-Groundbreaking-Approach-Parenting/dp/0399167110/ref=sr_1_1_title_0_main?s=booksie=UTF8qid=1406239414sr=1-1keywords=the+learning+habit" \t "_hplink" The Learning Habit , examined family routines in 46,000 U.S. homes of children in grades K-12 via an online survey. Conducted by a research team from Brown University School of Medicine, Brandeis University, Children's National Medical Center and New England Center for Pediatric Psychology, the three-year study worked with WebMD, The Huffington Post/AOL, The National PTA and Parents Magazine to assist with national outreach. The key findings shed light on how all of these smartphones, tablets, televisions and computers are affecting kids: Children feel the effects of screen time in all aspects of their lives. After just 30 minutes of screen time a day, researchers saw that children's grades began a steady decline. After two hours of it, researchers observed a dramatic drop in grades, and after four hours a day, the average GPA fell an entire grade level. This effect was seen particularly in middle schoolers , who weren't able to achieve A's in mathematics or English language arts after four hours of screen time. Even if more screen time led to more time spent on homework (many kids used computers and other devices to help complete homework assignments), children still suffered a decline in grades. Plus, all of that time spent consuming media led children to have trouble falling asleep those who spent four hours of screen time a day took an average of 20 minutes longer to fall asleep than children who had more limited screen time. More time on devices also led to increased social-emotional volatility in kids. Many parents have inklings of these effects, Rebecca Jackson, co-author of The Learning Habit book, told The Huffington Post. However, there seems to be a "disconnect" between this generalized intuition and parents' own children. "There's a difference between knowing something and suspecting something," Jackson said. "We are aware that the average American child spends eight hours in front of a screen, but we often don't associate those numbers with our own children. Those numbers tend to be about somebody else's child." Despite what kids think, less screen time and more time doing chores makes them happier. One thing that parents often overlook when it comes to screen time is grit, said Jackson. The researchers found that grit defined in the study as the ability to perform a strenuous or difficult task without giving up decreased as children's screen times increased. When children in the study had limited screen time and were given chores to do, they performed better academically, socially and emotionally. Household tasks, like laundry, cooking or taking out garbage, made children feel a sense of self-worth and responsibility. "It's exciting because this is something that parents and educators can build," Jackson said. "They can develop it, and it is directly related to the amount of screen time, or media use, a child has." Make sure kids aren't spending too much time on homework that's often screen time, too. All work and no play isn't the answer, though. While 10 minutes of homework per grade in school was positively correlated with children's GPAs, more time than that spent doing homework showed nearly no benefits. (This is something HYPERLINK "sedl.org/pubs/sedl-letter/v20n02/homework.html" \t "_hplink" researchers have seen in the past .) Jackson said that excessive homework can even harm children, especially as "homework" becomes increasingly synonymous with "screen time," a trend that the researchers noticed. But since homework is still an important part of a child's routine, she also suggested that parents not make it a punitive activity. "The goal for parents is to help our children have a balanced life," Jackson said. "It's not a child coming home and a parent having to enforce homework one night and then a child doesn't have homework another night so they're

Multinational Corporation Expansion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 2

Multinational Corporation Expansion - Essay Example The international finance dimension of political risks and foreign exchange encompass all the foreign exchange and political regulation put by a country to foreign investors. Almost every country has unique political and foreign exchange risks. By venturing into Ugandan market, PWC would be exposing itself to risks associated with this country. It would also be exposed to opportunities that arise due to both the regulation of foreign exchange and other political regulations. Uganda is a country that has few foreign exchange restrictions and does not charge very high interest rates to external investors. Therefore, this would be a potential opportunity for PWC in its attempt to venture into this market. However, this country is very politically unstable and its elections are always accompanied by violence. Therefore, its economy fluctuates from time to time, which can raise a potential risk to PWC. The market imperfection dimension of international finance encompasses legal restrictions, transaction/ transportation costs, information asymmetry, and discriminatory taxation (Eun & Resnick, 2007). This increases the cost of operation or even complicates the operations of the international organizations. Uganda has very few legal restrictions and discriminatory taxation and therefore this would act as a potential opportunity for PWC in its attempt to venture into this Ugandan market. However, Uganda is one of the most underdeveloped countries in the East African region. As a result, it has under-developed infrastructure and very few transactional services. Therefore, PWC might encounter high transactional/transportation cost as well as the unavailability of transactional/ transportation services. Expanded opportunity set dimension of international finance is the location of production in any country or region to maximize performance and raise funds (Eun & Resnick, 2007). In

Electronic Health Record Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Electronic Health Record - Assignment Example It is an open source of information on health care (especially HIV) in developing countries of Africa. It is based on the information of various records updated in the EMR which are then refined and analyzed in the EHR. This system is state of the art technology. It covers almost every feature that would help to maintain the record of any person or country. It is also a user-friendly system, which allows a user to freely roam about in various interfaces. The flexibility offered by this system is also another feature which makes it more desirable, medical support information could be access in the remotest of the geographical regions (Mamlin et al., 2006). The start-up, maintenance and implementation cost of this product can be troublesome. Start-up and implementation cost is quite high and it requires huge sums of money in the starting phase, but with the passage of time, it becomes cheaper as the maintenance cost is not that high, which are also some of its biggest demerits. ‘Concept Dictionary’ is the idea that OpenMRS is based on. The idea is to store useful medical information such as clinical findings, lab results and even the socio-economic data. The concept is extremely successful as it becomes relatively easy to update the data set if a new disease is added, there is no need for modification, plus sharing of this medical information is also very convenient. The modular construction of OpenMRS is the real benefit that sets it apart from other ambulatory EHR devices. Its ease of use also includes the facility of putting it on a single laptop or on a large server and works with all major operating systems like Mac OS X, Windows and Linux.eMIX stands for Electronic Medical Information Exchange and is based on the concept of cloud-computing (Leslie, 2012), where one could manage, retrieve and update information in a server without actually connecting with it, through the means of internet or web-based tools and application. eMIX is develo ped to address the challenge of sharing the medical images from one interface to another, while they are not on the same network of a server.

Witchcraft And Demonology In Early Modern Europe

Witchcraft And Demonology In Early Modern Europe The witch-hunts were one of the most important events in the history of early modern Europe, taking place from the mid-15th century and ending in the mid-18th century. The view of witchcraft evolved throughout the period, with the Canon Episcopi calling the belief in witches a heresy, to Pope Innocent VIII issuing a bull in 1484 to denounce the practice of witchcraft as a heresy – all in a span of about 500 years. On the topic of witchcraft, it is unavoidable that the issue of gender would be discussed. The central question of this report would be how historians account for the persecution of more women than men in the witch-hunts in early modern Europe. The report will first outline the stereotype of a witch and discuss how this stereotype was promulgated. It will be concerned with two possible explanations that attempt to account for the persecution of more women than men – firstly, how the persecutions may be a results of a misogynistic and patriarchal culture, and s econdly, how the hunts may be been a result of the lack of tolerance for social deviance of women. The stereotype of a witch A collection of statistics indicate that a majority of accused witches were women, with most estimates pointing to about 80% of all victims being women (Ross, 1995: 334). Levack (1987: 142) provides a list of statistics indicating that in most regions in Europe, about three-quarters of the accused were women, with the figures being 90% in regions in Poland and England. Very evidently, the predominant notion of a witch is that it is foremost a woman. In discussing the stereotype of a witch it is difficult not to make reference to the cumulative concept of witchcraft (Levack, 1987: 32-51), which points to certain factors that would help in the identification of a witch. These include a witch’s association with the Devil, the pact with the Devil, the Sabbath, nightflying and metamorphosis. Reginald Scot in 1584 described witches as women who were â€Å"commonly old, lame, blearie-eied, pale, fowle, and full of wrinkles, poore, sullen, and superstitious†. This stereotype was promulgated by both genders. Women in early modern Europe were viewed as the weaker gender that was dependent on men in many ways, including for livelihood (Larner, 1984:86). Since the society was heavily patriarchal, women who did not fit in to the mould of a normal woman threatened the idea of females behaving in a particular manner. These women were nonconformists, and therefore put the livelihoods of other women at risk. Hence, they were ostrac ised by normal women. In behaving in a manner that was different, these women also threatened male domination and therefore had to be condemned by men. Both genders fed the idea that a woman who looked and behaved in a certain manner was a witch, hence allowing the stereotype to persist and spread. In addition, the stereotype of a domestic witch could have been said to be reinforced by a vicious cycle. This is evident in some cases, such as in that of Anna Schwayhofer, who confessed to stealing the Consecrated Host but still bothered to sweep up the crumbs after she had done so (Barry, Hester and Roberts, 1996: 230). The association of witches and broomsticks or distaffs used for spinning also fed the stereotype. Women were mostly restricted to the confines of their allotted spaces, and those practicing harmful magic would most likely be found in those spaces (Blà ©court, 2000: 303). Hence, it was not surprising that witchcraft was associated with the women and their domestic activities. Gendered witchcraft and misogyny The elite perception of women pointed to how they tended to be intellectually weaker than men, yet have more insatiable sexual appetites and a higher tendency to pursue the occult, a view propounded by 16th-century friar Martin de Castaà ±ega and in the Malleus itself by Kramer and Sprenger. Hence, historical literature tended to point towards how women were the more inferior of the two genders and therefore had the larger propensity to be driven towards becoming a witch. Without a doubt, the society in Europe at that point of time was one that was highly patriarchal in nature (Hufton, 1983, 125-141). While the society was essentially patriarchal in nature, there are arguments as to whether this can be extended to be characterised as being misogynistic. Anderson and Gordon (1978) point to the innate inferiority that women possessed in the eyes of the Roman Catholic Church, the dominant religious authority in that time, saying that the Church saw women as more â€Å"amenable to the allures of Satan† (Anderson and Gordon, 1978: 174). The paper also highlights the role of the Malleus Maleficarum (1486), that was anti-feminist and very popular, reprinting fourteen editions. The Malleus essentially highlights women as creatures possessing insatiable lust, yet not having the strength of mind to counter the temptations of the Devil. However, statistics also show that women were not the only ones who were victims of the witch-hunts. In several regions, men were the ones who were heavily persecuted instead. Regions such as Finland show a relatively even number of male and female persecutions, while in areas such as Normandy and Iceland, the number of accused male witches far exceeded the number of female ones. This clearly shows that if there had been a culture of misogyny, it was not uniformed throughout Europe. Monter (1964: 563) points out that the stereotypical witch in the French province of Normandy was not a poor, old woman, but a shepherd who may be a youth or an old man. Similarly, in Iceland, only 8% of all the accused witches were women (Levack, 1987: 142). The analysis and discussion of these statistics seem to point to the fact that there were differences in societal perspectives towards women and the differences in questioning techniques (Monter, 1964: 588). Monter (1964: 589) suggests that women wer e treated with leniency during the trial, and some were kept in prison alive for interrogation, even while the men were being executed. The reasons behind why men were more persecuted in some societies and women in others are unclear, but most historians point to the fact that it was impossible to pinpoint a particular reason in every society why this was so. Much of the reasons behind the gender imbalances must be attributed to the culture and views of the society itself, but what can be certain is that the witch-hunt was not strictly gender-specific. Without a doubt, a society that places emphasis on patriarchal values cannot be dismissed as misogynistic simply based on statistics alone. At this point it is relevant to note that there were differences between the elite and peasant conceptions of witchcraft, and this extended to the persecution of women. For the peasantry, the persecution of witches was less of the pact with the Devil and more of practical concerns such as the failure of crops or the death of livestock (Laurence, 1995: 216-218). Similarly, with the persecution of women, the concerns circled around the fact that babies and young children were being â€Å"victims† of maleficia, rather than the witch being a Devil-worshipper per se. Unsurprisingly, therefore, a large number of women who were accused of being witches were the lying-in maids for more privileged families, who looked after the newborns and had direct contact with them, as in the case of Anna Ebeler of Augsburg (Roper, 1991: 19). Roper (1991: 23) also points to how this may be a result of the association of femineity and maternity. Normal women were able to have children, yet witches w ere unable to, leading to a sense of envy that bred the feeling of hatred towards mothers and their babies. Strands of deviance One of the central themes occurring in the witch-hunts would have to be the fact that the society in early modern Europe had very little tolerance for those who were different from them. Jews and homosexuals were persecuted, and the society was predominantly peasant, poor and part of the Roman Catholic Church. Those who were different were frowned upon. Women generally married and had children at a young age, were uneducated and viewed as weak. Their primary purpose was to be subservient to their husbands and serve their families, keeping the household. This view of women can be contrasted to the stereotype of a witch, as mentioned above. Being old and unmarried, as well as being socially isolated, these alleged witches were evidently different from the general conception of a woman in society. Larner (1981:92) puts forward the idea that witches were persecuted not because they were women, but because they were â€Å"non-women† who did not fit into the societal view of a woman. While a typical woman was maternal, witches were unable to have children; where typical women stayed home at nights, witches flew to remote locations to join Sabbaths. This fit in with the elite conceptions that the reality in which witches lived in was essentially one that was an anti-society. Blà ©court (2000: 300) explains that God was a â€Å"guardian of social norms†, while the Devil was just the very opposite. These â€Å"non-women† were persecuted for disobeying the social norms, and some historians even argue that women accused other women of being witches because they felt threatened by an individual who did not conform to the male image of them (Larner, 1981: 102). The role of the Roman Church was also not to be ignored in the reinforcement of this stereotype. Women ha d an increased likelihood to practice love magic as compared to men (Blà ©court, 2000: 303), and since only priests of the Church could legally practice magic, they were more likely to be persecuted as a result. Remote possibilities While the possible presence of a repressive patriarchy or a societal aversion to deviant behaviour have often been cited as the reasons behind the gender imbalance during the witch-hunts, there are a few other remote possibilities that will be mentioned in the passing. Scully (1995: 857-858) points to how Venetian witches could choose witchcraft as a career option as opposed to being married or forced into prostitution, and this could be an escape from a possibly malevolent life, thereby proving to be a popular alternative for women in the region at that time. In his paper, Goodare (1991: 291-292) argues that economic factors could have been one of the reasons for the witch-hunts. Since the people had fallen upon hard times, those dependent upon charity handouts were hostile to others who were their competition – and these were mainly women. Another article by Ross (Ross, 1995: 333-337) draws an interesting correlation between the outbreak of syphilis in the 16th century and t he persecution of more women than men. He posits that women, being the symbols of fertility, could be shunned due to syphilis as they would be spreading the venereal disease. Further, much of the witch’s behaviour, he says, could be attributed to the madness that is a symptom of the disease. While fascinating, these observations by historians seem to be unique suggestions that do not appear in the literature as main causes for the increased persecution of women. Conclusion To conclude, this report has outlined the stereotype of a witch and what perpetrated this stereotype throughout early modern Europe. It seems persuasive to argue that although there was a strong patriarchal society in those days, this culture did not amount to being misogynistic in nature. The stereotype of the witch that emerge during this period and that was adopted by most modern historians emphasise a few features of witches that generally seem to be a result of the lack of tolerance for social deviant behaviour, and simply reinforced time and again in a vicious cycle. The trend points to the fact that there are a variety of factors that resulted in more women being persecuted than men. Often, this phenomenon can only be attributed to the differences in the various societies in Europe, and the culture of the region or country. Ultimately, it can be concluded that a combination of factors led to more women being persecuted than men. References Anderson, Alan and Gordan, Raymond. 1978. ‘Witchcraft and the Status of Women The Case of England’. The British Journal of Sociology, Vol. 29, No. 2: 171-184. Barry, Jonathan, Hester, Marianne and Roberts, Gareth. 1999. Witchcraft in Early Modern Europe: Studies in Culture and Belief (Past and Present Publications). Melbourne: Cambridge University Press. de Blà ©court, Willem. 2000. ‘The Making of a Female Witch’. Gender and History, Vol. 12, No. 2: 125-141. Goodare, Julian. 1998. ‘Women and the Witch-Hunt in Scotland’. Social History, Vol. 23, No. 3: 288-308. Hufton, Olwen. 1983. ‘Women in History. Early Modern Europe’. Past Present, No. 101: 125-141. Larner Christina. 1981. Enemies of God: The Witch-Hunt in Scotland. London: Chatto Windus. Larner, Christina. 1984. Witchcraft and Religion: The Politics of Popular Belief. New York: Basil Blackwell. Laurence, Anne. 1995. Women in Engliand, 1500-1760, A Social History. London: Weidenfeld Nicolson Illustrated. Levack, Brian. 1987. The Witch-hunt in Early Modern Europe. Harlow: Pearson Education Limited. Monter, Williams. 1997. ‘Toads and Eucharists: The Male Witches of Normandy, 1564-1660’. French Historical Studies, Vol. 20, No. 4: 563-595. Ross, Eric B. 1995. ‘Syphilis, Misogyny, and Witchcraft in 16th-Century Europe’. Current Anthropology, Vol. 36, No. 2: 333-337. Sawyer, Ronald C. 1989. ‘Strangely Handled in All Her Lyms: Witchcraft and Healing in Jacobean England’. Journal of Social History, Vol. 22, No. 3: 461-485. Scully, Sally. 1995. ‘Marriage or a Career?: Witchcraft as an Alternative in Seventeenth-Century Venice’. Journal of Social History, Vol. 28, No. 4: 857-876. Primary sources: Darst, David H. 1979. ‘Witchcraft in Spain: the Testimony of Martin de Castaà ±ega’s Treatise on Superstition and Witchcraft (1529)’. Kramer, Heinrich and Sprenger James. 1484. Malleus Maleficarum. Accessed 6 October 2009. Available at http://www.malleusmaleficarum.org/. Scot, Reginald. 1584. The Discoverie of Witchcraft. Retrieved from Early English Books Online. The practice of harmful magic

My Personal Philosophy of Education Essay -- Philosophy of Teaching St

My Personal Philosophy of Education One’s philosophy might contain views and values of education, methods of teaching, the purpose of a good education and why one uses certain curriculum. I feel that these four aspects are most important to me in my personal philosophy and will be in my classroom one day. I believe that the overall purpose of education is not only to teach students certain skills, but also to teach them to be their own person and individual thinkers. As a teacher one has to fulfill the role of educating and go beyond the teaching aspect, you have to be a role model, a fill in mommy, and a friend. As you are filling these different roles in your classroom, you also have to maintain control. I believe that education is important because as a society we need to learn and grow from what we know. Education is there to teach us about the past and prepare us for the future, which is why education is a leading and important part of our lives. As a Health and Physical education teacher, I plan to be a role model for every student that I teach. Not only do I want to be a role model for my students but also I want to be an inspiration. I want to inspire my students to do their best and reach for the top. I hope to touch the lives of the children that I meet, as well and help them progress. My first goal will be not only to teach my students the different aspects of physical education, but also to help them use these skills out side of the classroom. I hope to show students that there is more to what they are learning, by showing how to use the skills. I believe that students not only need someone to teach them, they also need someone to guide them in a positive directi... ...many others. A teacher is one who has to overcome the fear of walking into a classroom of uncontrollable students; she has to hold her head up high. Any sign of giving in to the students many destroy the teacher herself. A teacher is one who is willing to get up every morning and teach these students even when they would rather do other things with their time. An achievement in becoming a great teacher lies within the person. The decision to have a great classroom that the students look forward to or a classroom that all the students hate is left up to one person, the teacher. I hope to become the teacher that all the students look forward to having, and I will strive to make my classroom the best that it can be. Children realize that education plays a major part in their lives and I hope to make it memorable and enjoyable, as well as helpful and educational.